This form of cancer although has started to show a decline in the developed countries is still the reason behind the maximum number of cancer deaths among women in around 43 less developed countries ( Torre et al., 2017). Thus, E6 and E7 repression through any of these methods is a significant approach toward cervical cancer therapy, described in details in this review along with an insight into the signaling pathways and molecular mechanistic of E6 and E7 action.Ĭervical cancer is continuing to rise as a global concern with around 570,000 cases diagnosed and 311,000 deaths registered in the year 2018 ( Bray et al., 2018). Additionally, therapeutics using natural compounds from plants or other natural repositories, i.e., phytotherapeutic approaches have also been reviewed here, which prove their anticancer potential through E6 and E7 inhibitory effects. T-cell mediated immunotherapy is another upcoming successful form of treatment to eradicate HPV-infected tumorigenic cells. Therapeutics including different forms of vaccines to advanced genome editing techniques, which suppress E6 and E7 activity, have been found to successfully bring down the population of cervical cancer cells infected with HPV. Since E6 and E7 are the biomarkers of a cervical cancer cell and are the ones driving the cancer progression, therapeutic approaches targeting E6 and E7 have been proved to be highly efficient in terms of focused removal of abnormally propagating malignant cells. The later section of this review article deals with the different modes of therapeutics, which functions by deregulating E6 and E7 activity. The genome organization and protein structure of E6 and E7 have been discussed followed by their mechanism to establish the six major cancer hallmarks in cervical tissues for tumor propagation. In the present article, information on structural, functional, and clinical dimensions of E6 and E7 activity has been reviewed. Thus, manipulation of these genes represents the most successful form of cervical cancer therapy.
Initial establishment and subsequent progression of this form of cancer are completely dependent on two major oncogenes E6 and E7, which are expressed constitutively leading to tumorigenesis. It accounts for a high-mortality rate because of its late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cervical cancer is a major health issue among women from the poorly/under-developed sectors of the world.
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